China’s green energy dominance spurs global call for action

China’s latest five-year plan, adopted in March 2026, formally committed the nation to “actively participate in and lead global climate governance.” This pledge signals a potential shift from China’s historical reluctance to take a leading role in international climate efforts.

The nation’s green energy sector has become a crucial driver of its post-pandemic economic recovery. Clean-tech exports exceeded $220 billion in 2025 and are expected to continue growing. China now holds a dominant position, accounting for approximately 85% of solar panel production and 80% of lithium-ion battery supply chain capacity, and manufacturing nearly 75% of electric vehicles in 2025.

Kerry emphasized the economic risks facing countries that lag behind in the transition to clean energy, noting that China’s accelerated progress has created a significant advantage. “The only country that has hugely accelerated is China,” he stated. He attributed China’s actions to a desire for energy independence, a lesson others, including the US, are now learning.

Kerry further suggested that even nations with autocratic governments will be compelled to adopt low-carbon strategies due to the economic benefits demonstrated by China. “They’ll see where the market is going, and they will recognise where the cheaper alternatives are,” he said.

China is advocating for discussions at Cop31 regarding the free flow of green technology, a move likely linked to concerns over tariffs imposed by the US and EU on Chinese products. Li Shuo of the Asia Society Policy Institute (ASPI) questioned whether China will embrace a leadership role driven by self-interest.

Analysis indicates that China’s emissions have been “flat or falling” since March 2024, reflecting the nation’s commitment to the green transition. Kevin Tu from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies highlighted that China views the energy transition as “central to economic modernisation and energy security.”

The shift towards green energy also carries geopolitical implications, potentially diminishing the US’s influence and highlighting China’s growing power. Isabel Hilton, founder of China Dialogue, noted that China’s dominance in clean technology supply chains challenges the US’s traditional position.

President Xi Jinping has positioned China as a “doer and go-getter” in global development, with Chinese renewable projects expanding across the globe. Green energy deals within China’s Belt and Road Initiative have already surpassed 2025 totals.

While China has historically avoided taking a leading role in climate forums, Yixian Sun, a professor at the University of Bath, suggests that international expectations and trust are crucial for China to fully embrace a leadership position.