Malawi farmers journey further as drought intensifies

Around Chitakale in Mulanje district, numerous other men were observed carrying bundles of grass, all seeking fodder for livestock across the region. “It’s very hard to find the grass these days, that’s why we have travelled this long distance,” Abison explained. “Even here, the grass is not enough for a week and we need to proceed farther.”

The Likhubula River originates from Mount Mulanje, a 3,002-meter peak that serves as a crucial water source for surrounding communities. Residents report changes in the river’s water levels and vegetation, with some areas experiencing shallower water and diminished grass cover.

Malawi has faced dry spells and high temperatures during the 2023/24 rainfall season, exacerbated by the El Nino weather pattern impacting southern Africa. The Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services had previously warned of below-normal rainfall and prolonged dry spells, particularly in southern regions.

Farmers like Macdonald Khandalawo, 54, who has kept cattle in Nsanjama since 2014, are feeling the strain. He sends men to collect grass, but the rising cost of feed is impacting his operations and reducing milk production. “After the rains have stopped, we look for the grass around here but due to the change in climate there has been scarcity of grass. That is why we send these boys to those rivers,” he stated.

Competition for resources is intensifying as people from different areas converge on the rivers. Traditional practices, such as using reeds for mats and grass for livestock, are now challenged by the scarcity.

Khandalawo, treasurer of the New Thuchira Milk Bulking Group, a cooperative of up to 400 farmers, is exploring alternative feed sources like maize stalks and rice remains. However, the shortage is diminishing farmers’ earnings, with much of their income now spent on fodder gatherers and maize bran, which is also scarce and expensive.

Cultivation along riverbanks is also contributing to the problem, reducing vegetation and accelerating water loss. Batson Kweluza, 57, of Supuni Village, recalls a time when the river was shaded by trees, now largely gone. Alefa Saulo, 25, who raises bulls and cows, is concerned about the declining health of her livestock and awaits the arrival of rains to revitalize the grass.

Saulo expressed her worry, stating, “As a farmer, I always get concerned because when the animals are eating and looking healthy, I am also happy. But now I am sad. The animals are hungry but I can’t give them food.”